№9(2012)

In previous articles, "On size of regular price of the property owner compensation for industrial design, available in a custom registry"[1], "Royalties and other license fees as part of customs value of goods imported into Ukraine"[2] to solve expert task in the first stage of economic research, which forensic expert conducts[3], we spoke about presence in given materials of Patent form[4] and Report on patent research[5] to be provided by owner of intellectual property rights and made in accordance with the provisions of Instruction on expertise of technology object for patent clearance[6].

Provisions of Section 1.4. of Instruction on appointment and performing forensic examinations and expert research[7] (hereinafter - Instruction on appointment and performing forensic examinations) that in the course of expertise (expert studies) in order to perform a specific expert task, experts apply regulations and provisions (international, national and industry standards, specifications, regulations, rules, norms, instructions, recommendations, lists, guidelines recommended by Stateconsumstandard of Ukraine) and relevant standards of the former USSR republic and state classifiers, industry standards and specifications of the former USSR, scientific-reference books, software and more.

Thus, validity of claims of judicial expert concerning availability of research materials given through the patent form and patent research report related to performance of expert task and comes from the following rules.

According to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer» № 143-V from 14.09.2006, under patent clearance we understand the properties of technology and/or components to be easily used in a particular country without threat of braking on its territory protected documents (patents) on intellectual property rights belonging to third parties, determined in accordance with applicable security documents (patents) of these objects and regulations of the state(s) where you plan to use these technologies and their components and according to specific period of time, due to valid security documents (patents) into component technologies in such a state(s).

According to the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On order of temporary acting in Ukraine for some legislative acts of the USSR" № 1545 from 09.12.1991, rules of Resolutions of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for inventions and discoveries from 02.03.1978, № 1 (8) ("Guidelines on patent research in creation and development in production of machinery, instruments, equipment, materials and processes") are mandatory, namely:

"Ruling obliges the ministries, departments, enterprises, organizations and institutions to examine systematically using of inventions and scientific discoveries in all phases of design and development of new types of products and materials, design and development processes ...

1.2. Patent research is an integral part of work conducted by ... sale and purchase of licenses[8].

1.3. Patent research conducted ... in any area of economy ...

1.5. Patent research conducted ... with direct participation of patent department".

According to the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On order of temporary acting in Ukraine for some legislative acts of the USSR" № 1545 from 09.12.1991, rules of Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for inventions and discoveries number 1 (8) of 02.03.1978 are mandatory, which adopted "Guidelines on patent research in creation and development in production of machinery, instruments, equipment, materials and processes" and provisions of Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on Inventions and Discoveries №3 (16) from 25.07.1985, which adopted "Standard regulations on patent and licensing division, invention and innovation of enterprises, organizations and institutions".

Before adoption of the Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 995 from 01.07.2007 "Some aspects of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" for any central authority the rules of Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on Inventions and Discoveries №3 (16) from 25.07.1985 were mandatory, namely on compliance with requirements of "Model Regulations of the Division of patent and licensing, invention and innovation activity in ministries and departments".

According to the regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 995 from 01.07.2007 "Some aspects of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer", the "Model Regulation on subdivision on technology transfer, innovation and intellectual property of the Ministry, other central executive authorities, national and specialized academies" (hereinafter - the Model Regulation) was approved.

In compliance with Section 3 of the Model Regulation, the main tasks of department of technology transfer, innovation and intellectual property of central authority is ensuring that functions associated with development of technology and its components, acquisition, licensing and enforcement of intellectual property rights on them, transfer and use of new technologies.

According to the rules of paragraph "4)", sec. 4 of Standard Provisions, subdivision on technology transfer, innovation and intellectual property of central executive authority must provide within its jurisdiction the timely submission of reports of opportunistic patent, applied research, design, development and test work associated with development and use of technology acquisition, licensing and protection of intellectual property rights on them.

In compliance with Section 3 art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006, to ensure functions related to creation, use, patenting and licensing rights on technology and its components any central government should create within number and wage fund a subdivision on technology transfer, innovation and intellectual property.

In addition, any central body of executive power within their power has to initiate creation of unit for technology transfer, innovation and intellectual property rights in subordinate organizations and institutions (rules of § 3. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in Technology Transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006).

The central executive authorities within their powers also hold patent opportunistic studies that are provided for by the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09. 2006, namely:

1) Section 8 art. 1, according to which "opportunistic patent research - a systematic scientific analysis of properties of technologies and components arising out of legal protection of markets, technologies, their components and products, patent and licensing situation with them";

2) Section 3 art. 18, according to which "central executive authorities within their powers coordinate and ensure implementation of short-term patent research involving development of appropriate technologies and/or their constituents".

Provisions of paragraph 2.1. of Instruction on appointment and performing forensic examinations provides that "expert indicates circumstances that led to (might help) commission of offense".

Thus, in absence in the case files the Patent form and/or Report on patent research and not complying with request for their provision for expert person or body appointed by expert, the expert is doing research. Expert points out in conclusion of economic research in the field of intellectual property on circumstances (absence of the above documents) that helped (might help) commission of offense and giving rise to offense activity in the field of intellectual property.

In accordance with Section 1.8. of Resolutions of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for inventions and discoveries from 02.03.1978, № 1 (8), "The objectives of patent research should be linked to stages of life cycle of object technology, defined by state standards".

Provisions of paragraph 2 of art. 18 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006 stipulates that patent tactical studies are conducted in accordance with approved state standards and methodologies.

According to the rules of Section 1.1.3. of Instructions for examination[9], the term "patent clearance" is generally widespread on technical documentation (standards, technology documentation, etc.) for which specific material object is issued or will be issued.

According to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006:

• Documentation - is an information fixed on a physical medium about technology and its components (regulatory, scientific, technical, design, engineering, technology documentation, reports on results of short-term patent, scientific, research, engineering and design work, public test component technologies), presence of which ensures their use (§§ 3 § 1);

• object of technology - scientific and applied results, intellectual property rights (including inventions, utility models, works of scientific, technical, software, trade secrets), know-how, which displays a list, timing, order and sequence of operations, service delivery (§ § 6 § 1);

• component of technology - the piece of technology that displays some elements of technology in the form of scientific and applied results, intellectual property rights, know-how (§ § 10 paragraph 1);

• Technology - the result of research and technique activity, a set of systematic scientific knowledge, technical, organizational and other decisions of the listing period, order and sequence of operations, service delivery (§§ 11 paragraph 1);

• Technology transfer - transfer of technology, which is issued by agreement between individuals and/or entities by bilateral or multilateral treaty that established, modified or terminated property rights and obligations with respect to technology and/or its components (§ § 13, § 1) .

According to Sec. 8 § 1 of Art. 19 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006 agreements on technology transfer among other must include conditions regarding:

1) license[10] and conditions of use of technology and their components;

2) territorial restrictions (prohibition of use technology transferred under contract, its components within territory not provided for in contract);

3) limits of using technologies and their components;

4) procedure for granting sublicenses on technology components to third parties.

Thus, on availability of Patent form and/or Report on patent research an expert in research part of conclusion:

• quotes their content in study of patent clearance (examination for patent clearance) and confirms the presence or absence of use of intellectual property rights and/or a violation of exclusive rights on intellectual property;

• states that the Patent form and/or Patent research report is a document drawn up in accordance with Section 26 of the National Standard of Ukraine DSTU 4163-2003 "Uniform system of organizational and administrative documents" approved by Order of Stateconsumstandard of Ukraine from 07.04.2003, № 55) with the seal[11].

An example that is related by patent clearance and which reveals the chain (technology transfer, regulations, computer software and utility model) can be a Decision from 03/19/2013 on civil case № 2601/11563/12, considered in Golosiivkiy District Court of Kyiv[12].

Forensic experts, considering rules § 4.15 of Instruction on appointment and performing forensic examinations for purpose of legal understanding of patent clearance concerning transfer of technology and its components, which are normative document, software and useful model in research part of decision can specify that the software – is a set of programs of information processing and program documents necessary for operation of these programs. (See GOST 19781-90 "Common program documentation. Software for information processing systems").

In order to study applied methods (techniques) of research an expert can also refer to the following historical overview.

Computer programs have passed several stages been in their development. First, development and dissemination of computer programs were largely academic (scientific), since these programs were designed for computers that are at research institutions. With advent and widespread proliferation of personal computers in the 80s of twentieth century, computer programs are subject to commercial use.

The starting point of computer technology is considered to be in 1946 when a patent was granted to creators of electronic computing integrator ENIAC. The work of this integrator was a sequence of commands. Recording commands implemented as a chain of zeros and ones, which is then introduced into machine as numbers in a double, octal and sixteen terms. Commands created in this way, were called machine code and were not available to human perception. Programmers that did not participate in development of computer program usually could not understand all principles of its use as phenomena such as plagiarism and borrowing other people's ideas among programmers is almost absent.

The next step was creation of high-level languages to speed up and simplify the process of developing software.

Creating programming languages made it possible to enter into electronic computer command using operators. Thus command became more accessible to human perception. The result was the creation of programming languages, and copying someone else's program has become much easier.

Further development in programming occurred by increasing simplification of computer programs. Programming, to some extent, became accessible even to the public.

Issues associated with introduction of software in commercial circulation, emerged in the early 60s of last century.

Specialists came from the fact that creation of software for computers, as well as the creation of means, requires highly skilled creative labor costs and therefore deserves special protection.

At the 29th Congress of the International Association for Protection of Industrial Property was suggested that work in the field of software requires exclusive rights. Presence of such will promote development of software, its use and spreading of knowledge related to it[13].

The lawyers tried to use traditional legal institutions to the software. Some forms of legal protection for software were proposed and justified: copyright law, right, combining rules of copyright and patent law, under law of trade secrets and other.

In the foreign literature there can be found suggestions of alternative modes in software development, such as protection jus generis, that is, of "special kind", or based on a combination of trade secret laws and antitrust laws.

Current legal protection of computer programs is provided with more than nine institutions of law[14].

In the mid 70-ies of XX century, issue of protecting computer programs was simultaneously considered by two respected international agencies - the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the International Association of Industrial Property.

In 1975 the Congress of the International Association of Industrial Property has decided to recommend using software capabilities of national legislation of member countries, thus giving preference to standards of copyright protection. It was assumed that this situation will keep on until development of specific international standards of intellectual property protection in the field of mathematical software and information software for computers.

In 1978, the World Intellectual Property Organization[15] adopted the Model Regulations on Protection of computers software (hereinafter - "Regulations on Protection of Software")[16].

According to the Regulations:

• a computer program - is a set of commands being recorded by machine-read language, can make a machine able to process information to perform a specific function or to reach a particular result;

• a description of program – is a full operating statement in verbal, schematic or another form, in the degree of detail sufficient to identify a set of commands that make up content of computer program;

• supporting material - is any material other than any computer program or description designed to facilitate understanding and application of computer programs, such as problem description and instructions for user[17].

Regulations on protection of software do not preclude the use of computer programs or general principles of law of any other type of law, such as patent.

Protection of computer programs in the second decade of twenty-first century, is described with three major trends:

• First, most of the states are protecting computer software with copyright law

• Second, many countries do not exclude possibility to use patent law in respect of decisions embodied in software and meet general concept of "invention";

• Third, search for more effective legal protection of computer programs is in process[18].

Expert in research can also refer to the fact that protection of computer programs in the second decade of twenty-first century in Ukraine is characterized by:

• regulations of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On order of temporary acting in Ukraine for some legislative acts of the USSR" № 1545 from 09.12.1991, and norms of regulations par. "B)" Section 1 of Explanation of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on Inventions and Discoveries № 4 from 13.11.1975, "On recognition of computing object, characterized by computer software"[19]: "inventions can be recognized as ... ways characterized by performing a sequence of actions over a number of material carriers of information with physical objects. Under material carriers of information refers to the objects on which information is recorded (magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, etc.)";

• Index G06Q of International Patent Classification[20], which refers to systems or data processing methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes; systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes[21];

• Index of the International Patent Classification G06F9/00 concerning devices for program control, such as control elements (software control of peripheral devices)[22];

• Index of the International Patent Classification G06F9/45 concerning compilation and interpretation of high-level languages;

• Index G06F9/445 of the International Patent Classification concerning emulation, software simulation;

• Index of the International Patent Classification G06F12/06 concerning addressing physical block of memory cells, for example, by addressing on base, module addressing, expansion of address space, liberate memory;

• Index of the International Patent Classification G06F13/00 concerning interaction or conveying information or other signals between storage devices, input devices, output devices or central processing unit (interface for specific input-output devices G06F3/00; multiprocessor systems G06F15/16);

• Index G06F 15/00 of the International Patent Classification concerning digital computers in general (structural elements G06F1/00-G06F13/00); devices data processing in general;

• Index of the International Patent Classification G05B17/02 concerning control systems using models or simulators (G05B13/00, G05B15/00, G05B19/00 take precedence; analog computing devices for specific processes, systems or devices such as simulators, G06G7/48);

• rules of § 5 art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Rights on inventions and utility models" № 3687 from 15.12.1993 ("copyright that is inherent personal right and is protected by a lifetime");

• rules of § 5 art. 6 of the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Rights on inventions and utility models" № 3687 from 15.12.1993 ("scope of the legal protection provided is established as useful models. Interpretation formula is within description of utility model");

• provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On distribution of audiovisual works, phonograms, computer programs, databases» № 1587 from 23.03.2000: a computer program – is a set of instructions in the form of words, numbers, codes, schemes, symbols or in any other form, expressed in a form that can be computer-readable to enable it to achieve a certain goal or outcome (this term covers both an operating system and an application expressed in source or object codes)";

• provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights» № 3792 from 23.12.1993:

1) a computer program - is a set of instructions in the form of words, numbers, codes, diagrams, symbols or in any other form, expressed in a form that can be computer-readable to enable it to achieve a certain goal or result (this term covers both an operating system and an application expressed in source or object code) (paragraph 15 of Art. 1);

2) derivative work – a work that is a creative remake of another existing work without prejudicing the protection (annotation, adaptation, arrangement, folklore arrangement and other processing work) (paragraph 24 of Art. 1);

3) a person who lawfully has a lawfully-made copy of a computer program shall be entitled, without consent of author or any other person who has copyright to this program: to observe, learn, investigate functioning of a computer program to determine ideas and principles underlying it, provided that it is done in performance of any act of loading, displaying, operation, transmission or memory writing (store) computer program (part 1 and part 4. 24).

In research part of opinion an expert also refers to the fact that protection of databases in Ukraine is characterized by the following rules.

Thus, under paragraph 17 of Decision of the Supreme Court of Ukraine from 04.06.2010, № 5 "On application of legislation on protection of copyright and related rights": "For purposes of Part 4. 433 of CC, Art. 18 of the Law № 3792-XII computer programs are protected as copyright objects, namely as literary works. Such protection applies to computer programs, regardless of the manner or form of its expression. Based on the provisions of Art. 1 (definitions), p. 19 of the Law № 3792-XII, Part 1, Art. 433 CC databases (compilation of data) that result from intellectual labor for selection or arrangement of their parts may be subject to provisions of collections and composite works. But database as compiled work should be distinguished from other intellectual property used as material for database, including a Collective Work (part 5. 433 CC, Part 1, Art. 19 Law № 3792-XII). They are separate objects of legal protection".

Provisions of paragraph 26 of Decision of Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine from 04.06.2010, № 5 "On application of legislation on protection of copyright and related rights" defined as follows: "Composed works are object of copyright that are protected by law. These works can be collected works, collections of folklore, encyclopedias, anthologies, collections of regular data and other composite works, provided that they are result of creative work by selection or arrangement of contents without violating copyright on included works as components".

Norms of paragraph 17 the Decision of Supreme Court of Ukraine from 04.06.2010, № 5 "On application of legislation on protection of copyright and related rights" concerning databases (compilation of data) confirms interpretation of the word compilation. Thus, "compilation (Latin compilatio - theft, accumulation of statements, collection of documents) – is connection of results of research of others' thoughts, without of own working on sources as well as work itself composed in such a way" (Krisin L.P. Explanatory dictionary of foreign words. - M.: "Russian language", 1998. - p.342).

Thus, the concept of a database (result of playlist items) does not apply to computer software (technology), with which may be electronic access to database.

Also in research part an expert can refer to that as defined in paragraphs. 6 § 1 of Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On state regulation of activities in technology transfer" № 143 from 14.09.2006, computer program is the subject of technology.

In accordance with standards GOST 19.102-77[23], the first stage of development of a computer program should be based on development and approval of specification.

According to Section 4.9. and paragraph 4.10. of GOST 3575-97[24], result of patent research is a report on patent research, materials which are used in development of documents related to entity, including technical specifications.

According to the Resolution of State Arbitration of the USSR № 5 from 27/08/1985, was approved "Standard contract for provision of scientific and technical services to consumers of software computing" according to par. "C)" Section 10 of which: "Consumer" shall provide for operation of necessary hardware and software in accordance with specifications on them".

According to par. 2.7 of GOST 19.101.-77[25], "At the stage of development and approval of specifications they determine necessity of drawing up technical specifications containing requirements for construction, inspection and acceptance of program. Specifications are developing on the stage of "working draft".

GOST 34.602-89[26] "applies to automated systems (AS) used in various areas (management, research, design, etc.), including their combination and establishes composition, content, rules to design the document "Terms of reference for establishment (development or modernization) System" (hereinafter - Specification for AS)."

According to regulations § § 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.6 34,602 -89 "Specification for AS is the main document defining requirements and procedure creation (development or modernization - creation) of an automated system, according to which is carried out development of SA and its acceptance in operationalisation. Specification for AS to develop the whole system, designed to work independently or as part of another system".

According to the norms in par. 2 of GOST 34.602-89, "Specification for AS contains the following sections, which can be divided into sub-sections:

1) general information;

2) purpose and goal of creation (development) of system;

3) characteristics of automation objects;

4) requirements for system;

5) structure and content of work on creation of system;

6) procedure for control and acceptance of system;

7) requirements for composition and content of work on preparation of an automation object to putting the system into operation;

8) requirements for documentation;

9) sources of development.

Applications can be included in Specification for AS".

[1] See "Independent Auditor» № 3, 2013

[2] See "Independent Auditor» № 8, № 9, 2012

[3] Certified court expert in specialty 13.9 "Economic research in the field of intellectual property"

[4] State Standard of Ukraine "Patent form. Guideline. Procedure for preparation and performance" GOST 3574-97. Designed and made by the State Patent Office of Ukraine. Approved and enacted by Order of the State Standard of Ukraine from 06.06.1997, № 327 from 01.01.1998

[5] State Standard of Ukraine "Patent Research. Key provisions and procedures" GOST 3575-97. Designed and made by the State Patent Office of Ukraine. Approved and enacted by Order of the State Standard of Ukraine from 06.06.1997, № 327 from 01.01.1998

[6] According to the Law of Ukraine "On order of temporary acting in Ukraine for some legislative acts of the USSR" № 1545 from 12.09.1991, is valid "Instruction on examination technique for objects patent clearance" (hereinafter - Regulations), approved by the State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR for inventions and discoveries, from 29/01/1974

[7] Last edition approved by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine from 26.12.2012, № 1950/5, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 02.01.2013 under № 1/22533

[8] According to the rules of § 3. 30 Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Rights on Inventions and utility models" № 3687 from 15.12.1993, in order to ensure public interests Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine may authorize the use of patented utility model by defined person without consent of the patent owner's declaration in case of unreasonable refusal to license to use utility model in compliance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On Approval of the Procedure of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine permission to use patented invention (utility model) or topography of integrated circuits" № 8 from 14.01.2004

[9] Approved by the State Committee of Council of Ministers of the USSR on matters of inventions and discoveries, from 01.29.1974 and entered into force on 12.15.1975

[10] With norms of part "C" Section 2, Rule 17 of the Regulations of the Patent Law from 01.06.2000, which from 30.06.2003 entered into force for Ukraine according to the International Patent Law Treaty, provided that license may not be only the result of freely concluded agreement, but also the result of a court decision

[11] On validity of references to the provisions of the National Standard of Ukraine DSTU 4163-2003 "uniform system of organizational and administrative documents" approved by Order of Stateconsumstandard of Ukraine from 07.04.2003, № 55 certifies the ruling of the Commercial Court of Kyiv from 05.09.2010, № 05-5 -9 / 10569

[12] [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://www.reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/30247733

[13] Gelb A.B. Current status of issues of legal protection of computer software. - Tallinn: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1983. - P. 8

[14] Titov A.P. Legal protection of computer programs and databases. - M.​​: Institute of Technical. Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2001. - P. 6

[15] Since 04/26/1970, Ukraine is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter - WIPO). This status requires Ukraine to carry out provisions of the Universal Declaration on Intellectual Property, approved by WIPO on 26.06.2000, in which the term "intellectual property rights" means, essentially, the rights established in Art. 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations in 1948, including: "Everyone has the right to protect own material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author".

[16] Model provisions on the protection of computer software. The official translation of the document in Ukrainian is missing

[17] [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://www.wipo.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?bib=17100

[18] Borovskaya A.E., Kudashov V.I., Losev S.S., Yspenskiy A.A. The legal protection of computer programs and databases // National Technology Transfer Center of the Republic of Belarus. Moscow: State Committee on Science and Technology of the Republic of Belarus, 2008. - P. 158

[19] In accordance with paragraphs 2 art. 1 of Paris Convention "On Protection of Industrial Property" from 03.20.1883, which entered into force for Ukraine on 12/25/1991, "objects of industrial property are patents for inventions, utility models»

[20] Database "Inventions (utility models) in Ukraine" of the State Enterprise "Ukrainian Industrial Property Institute" [electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://base.ukrpatent.org/mpk2009/index.html?level=c

[21] Business method patent / Wikipedia (The Free Encyclopedia) [electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_method_patent

[22] [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://base.ukrpatent.org/mpk2009/index.html?level=c

[23] GOST 19.102-77 "A common program documentation. Stage of Development ", entered into force on 01.01.1980, resolution of the State Committee for Standards Council of Ministers № 1268 from 20.05.1977

[24] State Standard of Ukraine "Patent Research. Key provisions and procedures." GOST 3575-97. Designed and made ​​by the State Patent Office of Ukraine. Approved and enacted by Order of the State Standard of Ukraine from 06.06.1997, № 327 from 01.01.1998

[25] GOST 19.101.-77 "Types of programs and program documents. United system for program documentation. Types of programs and program documents», entered into force on 01.01.1980

[26] State standard of the USSR "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Set of standards for automated systems. Technical specifications for development of an automated system. Information technology. Set of standards for automated systems. Technical directions for developing of automated system"GOST 34.602-89